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Metropolitan Germogen ((ロシア語:Митрополит Гермоген), secular name Georgy Ivanovich Maximov, (ロシア語:Георгий Иванович Максимов); 10 January 1861 – 30 June 1945) was bishop of Aksay (9 May 1910 - 1919), Vicar of the Don Diocese, 23rd Bishop of Yekaterinoslav and Novomoskovsk (1919 - November 1920), Governor of the Russian Orthodox municipalities on Crete and North Africa with a seat in Athens (1922), Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav and Novomoskovsk (ROCOR, titular) (1922–1942), member of the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (1924–1942), the head (Patriarch or Metropolitan) of the Croatian Orthodox Church (1942–1945). ==Early life== Georgy Ivanovich Maximov was born in 1861 in Stanitsa Nogavskaya (the Cossacks were called Tatars Nogais- hence the "Nogavskaya") in the Don Host Oblast of the Russian Empire to a Cossack family. His father was a church reader (Russian: псаломщик). He finished elementary and parochial school in Nogavskaya and high school in Ust-Medvedicka. He studied from 1879–82, in the Don Theological Seminary in Novocherkassk, and then attended the Spiritual Academy in Kiev. After graduating from the Kiev Theological Academy in 1886, he served as a priest in Novocherkassk, where he remained for years. Soon he became principal of the church gymnasium in Ust-Medvedicka in 1894. Georgy left Don Episcopacy in 1902 on call to the Bishop Vladimir (Sinkovsky) of Vladikavkaz, where he become rector of the Cathedral in Vladikavkaz, there he taught during the 1905 Russian Revolution. During that time, his wife died and he was left with six children, the youngest was one year old and the eldest sixteen. By decision of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, he became the Rector of the seminary in Saratov in 1906. There Maximov became a monk in 1909 and took the name Germogen in gratitude to St. Seraphim. He had been consecrated in Saint Petersburg as Bishop of Aksay (May 9, 1910 – 1919), Vicar of the Don Diocese, and on 18 May, he arrived at the Don Diocese in Novocherkassk for his duties. In 1919 he become 23rd Bishop of the Yekaterinoslav and Novomoskovsk (1919 - November 1920) Meanwhile, the October Revolution broke out in 1917 and reached the Don area. Germogen condemned Bolshevik crimes against Cossacks, and consequently received death threats. Because of the new political system in Russia, he fled his homeland on 22. December 1919 and joined the Don Cossack Army which retreated with Cossack refugees towards Kuban. During this time, Germogen became a military bishop, a Cossack archpastor in Grand Don Army. Bishop Germogen became a member of the Russian Orthodox Southern Church Council which took place in Stavropol, from May 18 to May 24, 1919, at which the Higher Church Administration was formed in Southern Russia. According to the Archpriest George Shavelsky, archpastors of Don diocese - Metropolitan Mitrofan (Simashkevich) and Bishop Germogen - were determined that the Council "prevent the organization of the highest ecclesiastical authority, in their understanding, it was not necessary." They resisted and the Pre-Council meeting, raising questions about canonicity and the need for the organization of the Provisional Supreme Church Authority for the area occupied by the troops of Ivan Denikin's White Army. When he arrived in the South Russian city of Novorossiysk in the Spring of 1920, he continued his escape with other refuges by ship to Yalta (from whence the final evacuation of the White Army took place in November 1920), but instead he arrived in Istanbul and from there went to the city of Thessaloniki. The wounded and sick were taken to the Greek island of Lemnos, where Germogen also settled to take care of them. From Lemnos he went to Mount Athos to the Russian Orthodox Monastery of Saint Pantaleon, where he spent two years (1920–1922). During that time, the 1924 Greek coup led to Greece becoming a republic. . Afterward he traveled to Yugoslavia, first to Belgrade and later to Ravanica Monastery. After this, he went to Rakovac, Fruška Gora. Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow abolished the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church over emigration in 1922 and at the same time, members of the Russian Orthodox Church in emigration founded the Holy Synod which performed the same duties as the previous Authority. In Belgrade, he was proclaimed Governor of the Russian Orthodox municipalities on Crete and North Africa with a seat in Athena. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Germogen (Maximov)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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